Non-Violent Nationalism and Fundamental Change :: essays research papers fc

Nationalism as a concept is defined by the formation of a distinct identity for a certain population in terms of their religion, ethnicity or class differences. This term was used to describe the rise of movements along these distinct lines. Since then the connotations of the word may have changed over time but its essential meaning has remained unchanged. The term in essence refers to two varying sentiments. Broadly speaking, the first of these is a sense of identification with a certain nation based on ethnic, cultural or religious bounds. The second is a sentiment of loyalty to the nation as defined by these ethnic, cultural and religious bound. While the first only serves as a unifying factor in most cases, the second also serves as a rallying call for mass political mobilization. This has been obvious especially in the years immediately after the Second World War during the time of the disintegration of Colonial power structures and the subsequent creation of a bipolar world. The concept of the non-violent movement was introduced to these anti-colonial movements early enough. Gandhi, the tiny, old man of Indian politics came up with the idea of a non-violent independence struggle. This was a struggle which initially rooted itself in a secular context but gradually became known as essentially being a Hindu Nationalist movement. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s initial thrust had been towards unifying Indian natives under this banner of non-violence in order to garner support for an ouster of the British from India and an overhaul of the Indian government structure. What this meant was that Gandhi was looking for a  ¡Ã‚ ¥fundamental change ¡Ã‚ ¦ in the structure and hierarchies of the Indian state. This is highlighted in his writings:  ¡Ã‚ §The state after withdrawal (of the Colonizers) will depend largely upon the manner of it. If, as you assume, they (the Colonizers) retire, it seems to me we shall still keep their constitution and shall carry on the government. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Gandhi was then visibly looking for a structural uprooting of the British / Colonial system and aimed to replace it with one more contributory to the state and, hence, less extractory in nature. This for him was the fundamental change in the system that was required for a successful transformation from a colonized to an independent state. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s method of achieving this change was through the practice of nonviolent passive resistance.  ¡Ã‚ §Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by the personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms. Non-Violent Nationalism and Fundamental Change :: essays research papers fc Nationalism as a concept is defined by the formation of a distinct identity for a certain population in terms of their religion, ethnicity or class differences. This term was used to describe the rise of movements along these distinct lines. Since then the connotations of the word may have changed over time but its essential meaning has remained unchanged. The term in essence refers to two varying sentiments. Broadly speaking, the first of these is a sense of identification with a certain nation based on ethnic, cultural or religious bounds. The second is a sentiment of loyalty to the nation as defined by these ethnic, cultural and religious bound. While the first only serves as a unifying factor in most cases, the second also serves as a rallying call for mass political mobilization. This has been obvious especially in the years immediately after the Second World War during the time of the disintegration of Colonial power structures and the subsequent creation of a bipolar world. The concept of the non-violent movement was introduced to these anti-colonial movements early enough. Gandhi, the tiny, old man of Indian politics came up with the idea of a non-violent independence struggle. This was a struggle which initially rooted itself in a secular context but gradually became known as essentially being a Hindu Nationalist movement. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s initial thrust had been towards unifying Indian natives under this banner of non-violence in order to garner support for an ouster of the British from India and an overhaul of the Indian government structure. What this meant was that Gandhi was looking for a  ¡Ã‚ ¥fundamental change ¡Ã‚ ¦ in the structure and hierarchies of the Indian state. This is highlighted in his writings:  ¡Ã‚ §The state after withdrawal (of the Colonizers) will depend largely upon the manner of it. If, as you assume, they (the Colonizers) retire, it seems to me we shall still keep their constitution and shall carry on the government. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Gandhi was then visibly looking for a structural uprooting of the British / Colonial system and aimed to replace it with one more contributory to the state and, hence, less extractory in nature. This for him was the fundamental change in the system that was required for a successful transformation from a colonized to an independent state. Gandhi ¡Ã‚ ¦s method of achieving this change was through the practice of nonviolent passive resistance.  ¡Ã‚ §Passive resistance is a method of securing rights by the personal suffering; it is the reverse of resistance by arms.

Crime is a Social Construct Essay

Crime is the product of the social structure; it is embedded in the very fibres of society. In this essay, I aim to explore different theories as to why crime exists within society and how we as a society therefore construct it. Crime is a social construct; it is always in society and is on the increase. It is inevitable. Where does it come from? It comes from legislation, from the making of laws. Functionalists see crime deviance in society as a function, in that it serves to remind us, through public condemnation of those who have broken the rules, of our shared values and norms. Furthermore, they suggest that crime is a result of structural tensions and a lack of moral regulations within society. If the aspirations held by individuals and groups in society do not coincide with the available rewards, this disparity between desires and fulfilment will be felt in the deviant motivations of some of its members. This was the basis for Merton’s Anomie theory. (Robert Merton 1957) Emile Durkheim saw crime and deviance as social factors and believed both of them to be inevitable and necessary elements in modern society. The people in that society are less constrained than in traditional times. There is more room for the individual choice in a modern world and it is therefore inevitable that there will be some non-conformity. Durkheim recognises that no society would ever be in complete consensus about the norms and values which govern it. He also saw that it was necessary for society in that it fulfils two important functions. Firstly, deviance is an adaptable function, and by introducing new ideas and challenges in society, it brings about change. Secondly, deviance promotes boundary maintenance between good and bad behaviours. It constantly keeps us aware of what acts society deems acceptable or not. (Durkheim 1964) The Positivist approach is simply about a deviant’s reaction to external forces beyond their control. The followers of the Interactionist theory, on the other hand, reject this positivist approach and say that it is due to the internal factors of the individual. The Marxism theory however, is structured towards the accumulation of wealth rather than social need. Edwin H Sutherland was the first sociologist to study this area known as ‘White Collar Crime’ in 1949. Let us now look at crimes of the powerful and the less powerful. There are two main points; deviance is a product of unequal power relations and equality in general. Despite the fact that the law is in favour of the dominant class, some of its members do break the rules for their own gain. Power and equality affect the quality of deviant acts. Thus, people that are more powerful are more likely to engage in profitable deviant acts such as corporate crime i.e. bribery and corruption in business and politics, misconduct by professionals such as lawyers etc. On the other hand, the powerless are more likely to commit less profitable deviant deeds such as burglary, theft and armed robbery. (Ermann and Lundman 1996) Power, or rather social class, is therefore the key element which determines the type of deviance people are likely to carry out. The powerful are more likely to commit deviant acts because of something that is called ‘Relative Deprivation’. This is the feeling of being unable to achieve the high standards they set for themselves, compared with the powerless, whose standards are typically low. Their aspirations are so high that they become less achievable. The more that people experience this Relative Deprivation, the more likely they are to commit deviant acts. (Cookson and Persill 1985) Furthermore, the elite have more legitimate opportunities than the poor worker to commit crime i.e. A banker will have better opportunities to defraud customers for instance, and because of his status, the crime is less likely to be detected, whereas the poor worker would probably have to resort to robbing the bank, a much more visible crime. Furthermore, the powerful are subjected to weaker social control. They have more influence in the making and enforcement of control. The laws against higher status crime, the White Collar crime, are therefore relatively lenient and rarely enforced, but the laws against crime which is committed by those with a lower status, are harsher and more often enforced because they are so visible and detected much more easily. The activities of White Collar crime occur on a daily basis, but there is no public outcry or moral panics about it and therefore  no legislation made, whereas, ‘street’ crime attracts massive law enforcement. As Jeffr ey Reiman (2001) so aptly stated, â€Å"The rich get richer and the poor get prison†. Interactionism was quite popular from 1960s to 1970s. Max Weber and George Herbert Mead favour the Interactionist approach and suggest that crime is a social process, that crime is an interaction between the victim, the police/officials and the offender. Crime is shaped by the nature of this interaction and this selective labelling, stigmatisation, negative labelling of those without power and more vulnerable. This approach focuses upon the interaction between deviance and those who define it as such, hence the Labelling Theory. Howard F Becker, the founder of this theory, argues that society creates deviance by making rules. Rules that when broken, constitute deviance, and by labelling those particular people as deviants, they are also labelling them as outsiders. Therefore, it is not the act of the person, but rather a consequence of applying the rules by others to an offender. Deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label. Becker suggests that in one sense there is no such thing as a deviant act. An act only becomes deviant when people define it as such, when they label it as such. Such labels largely override their status as workers, friends, parents etc and others see them negatively. This ‘labelling’ of people who commit crime, often results in the denial of an ordinary life to them, and because of this denial, out of necessity, they develop illegitimate routines and often resort to a life of crime. Thus, a criminal career is formed and the only way that they can be a part of society, is by grouping with likewise people, and being part of a different type of society. It may be a criminal society, but at least they fulfil that human need to belong. This process results in what is known as the self-fulfilling prophecy i.e. a person is to be known as a criminal, he/she may as they may as well act that way. The Feminist approach is critical of the mainstream approaches in that they see them as male dominated and this gender bias is part of the structure of  the Criminal Justice System, the majority of its personnel being male. Crime is specific to the gender, males being more violent and women committing softer crime such as benefit fraud, shoplifting etc. This approach sees that there is a need for more support and resources for women and that anti-sexist training is necessary in the police force. These sociological theories are intended to apply to both sexes but feminists disagree. For example, Merton’s anomie theory assumes that people are inclined to strive for material success, which is true for men but not necessarily for women, although this is on the increase. (Merton 1957) In the past women have been socialised differently to men. They are traditionally less interested in achieving material success as their place has been in the home. However, this social construct is changing, because women are being given more equal opportunities, and are more likely to strive for that material success, which would account for some increase in women’s crime rates. (Chesney-Lind 1997;Daly and Chesney-Lind1998) This may be an indication that opportunities for women are still far from equal. Anomie theory may apply if this is the case, as the opportunities available to women are lacking in relation to women’s increasing desire for independence and material success, therefore causing the disparity that Merton talks about. Furthermore, men and women calculate the risk of arrest differently. Women are more aware of that risk and that awareness becomes a disincentive. Another interesting argument would be that it is a fact that over 90% of people convicted of crime, are male. (John Hagan et al 1996) Let us now examine how time and space has affected the way that society has constructed crime and deviance. For example, is the death penalty an act of murder? It is in some countries, but not in some US states. Is abortion an act of murder? What about war? Murder exists in some contexts as a crime and not in others. Crime then is a social construct which is ever changing according to time and space. It makes no sense to say that â€Å"crime is a result of biochemistry only† because crime is the result of political decision making, and we can easily change those decisions according to different contexts, without changing our own biochemistry. In an effort to solve the ‘crime problem’ then, our task is to determine how much of ‘the crime problem’ is in fact the result of these definitions and political decisions, and what part is the result of broader sociological or biological forces. The government, in its efforts to tackle the ‘crime problem’, has little regard for the way that working class people and their environments actually work. Its new measures to be tough on the causes of crime fail to question why these things happen, and hence how they might be prevented. Creeping inequalities in education, the health services, housing and pensions, contribute to the lack of belonging that people feel. This disconnected feeling of our seemingly society-less age can only contribute to the ‘crime problem’. It is time to review other methods because the government’s endless clamping down on those who already have the least stake in ‘society’ is not the solution. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Skinner D, Stanworth M, Webster A (1996) Introductory Sociology (Third Edition) London, Macmillan Press Ltd. ` Goode E, Ben-Yehuda N (1994) Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance USA, Blackwell. Hagan John et al 1996 The Law and Politics Book Review http://www.unt.edu.lpbr/subpages/reviews/HaganJ.htm Accessed on 28 11 2002 Haralambros and Holborn (1995) Sociology: Themes and Perspectives (Fourth Edition) London, Harper Collins. Reiman Jeffrey (2001) The Law and Politics Book Review http://Paulsjusticepage.com/reiman.htm http://Paulsjusticepage.com/RichgetRicher/fraud.htm Accessed on 28 11 2002 Taylor P, Richardson J, Yeo A, Marsh I, Trobe K, Pilkington A, Hughes G, Sharp K (1995) Sociology in Focus Ormskirk, Causeway Press Ltd. Williamson J (2000) Tough on Horridness – Guardian http://society.guardian.co.uk/crimeandpunishment/comment/0,8146,839659,00.html – accessed on 28 11 2002

Public School Vs. Home Schooling System - 905 Words

In society, people have their own techniques of teaching and learning. Parents have their own preference on whether they want their children in a public school or home schooling system. They have to look at the advantages and disadvantages that come with making the right choice for their child’s education. Being home schooled, does not give the child the ability to be around new people. Some parents cannot afford for their child to be home schooled, and choose to have them enrolled in public school. Having students in a public school has a better learning aspect and more affordable. Parents have to look at the optimistic choices that come out of their child attending a Public school. Public school is a place for students to interact and communicate with their peers. Students learn how to act with their friends, either in a negative or positive manner. They have to learn to associate with a diverse culture of people. Children have to understand different personalities because everyone is not the same. Parents have to be willing to let a child go out and find their personality and some freedom. A public school offers advanced learning and skills for children of all ages and disabilities. Public school allows students to have full attention and extra help from their teacher. Especially if the child is having problems at home, they have another adult person they can look to for help. They are given counselors that are specialized to assist students with their difficulty eitherShow MoreRelatedFrom the Comfort of Your Own School1622 Words   |  7 Pagesalways the on es to win the spelling bees. They make other high school kids look E-L-E-M-E-N-T-A-R-Y. These students succeed because they were exposed to a better learning environment, were able to progress at their own pace, and had the freedom to choose their own studies. These kids are home schooled kids, and their style of education is more beneficial than public schooling. Home schooling is an educational system based at the home. Here, a child learns at their parents hands, sometimes by aRead MoreHome Schooling vs. Public Schools561 Words   |  2 PagesHome-Schooling vs. Public Schools Not so long ago, home-schooling was something that most people had not even considered as a schooling option. In 1969, Raymond Moore and John Holt laid the groundwork for one of the greatest educational movements of our time. Since that time, the option of home schooling has expanded. The three different views about education are those people who believe that home schooling is the best form of education; those people who believe that public school is the bestRead MoreThe Impacts of Homeschooling on Interpersonal Skills among University Students759 Words   |  3 Pageshomeschoolers actually gain very essential experiences by interacting with adults and children from different ages that can prepare the homeschoolers for the reality world (Hatter, n.d.). Homeschoolers also involve in many activities outside their home as many as 5.2 each week such as field trips, scouting, political drives, community volunteer work and many more (Ray, Research Facts on Homeschooling, 2014). According to Michelle Barone (2008), a licensed marriage and family therapist stated thatRead MoreThe Culture Of Honduras And The Context Of Gender Roles, Education And Religion1657 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica at the age of 16 years old, and discuss both the similarities and differences of this research relating to her own personal account. In Honduras, like a majority of Latin American countries, the social context of women is relegated to the home and being a housewife. Gender relations are seen as paramount to how people interact, how business is done, political development and the general view of society as a whole. (CITE) The situation for women in Honduras, and their position juxtaposedRead MoreHenry Hudson School vs. Rowley Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesHenry Hudson School vs. Rowley Henry Hudson School vs. Rowley Diana Arrowood Grand Canyon University: SPE-350 August 31, 2012 Abstract I am writing this paper on the court case of Hudson District School vs. Rowley. I will discuss those involved in the case, what issues brought this case to trial, how and when the case was adjudicated, and the final outcome of the trial. I will also tell how I feel about this case and what it accomplished for the education system. Every student has theRead MoreHomeschooling vs. Public Schools1420 Words   |  6 PagesHomeschooling vs. Public Schools Emile Peponoulas - Why might parents choose to home school their children? Parents of 136 homeschooled elementary children completed questionnaires assessing constructs derived from the parental involvement literature and personal beliefs identified in the homeschooling literature as important to parents’ decisions to home school. Results suggest that home-schooling parents appear to be motivated by an active role construction, strong sense of efficacy forRead MoreEducation : The United States1654 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, it is difficult for us modern Americans to imagine a world where public schools have not existed. Although, 150 years ago in many places throughout the country, not even elementary education was provided publicly; in fact, even by the turn of the 20th century, some young individuals still did not have entry to free public high schools. To our effort every American can get a free education and obtain a high school diploma, thanks to the efforts of our civic-minded predecessors. Let’s lookRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Thurgood Marshall Law1501 Words   |  7 PagesMarshall Law By Kai Jalen Nugent Throughout the 20th century, Thurgood Marshall blazed the trail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice in American historyRead MoreHomeschooling Is More Beneficial Than Public Schooling923 Words   |  4 Pagesmany parents tend to agree with. They believe that teaching a child a home will cause them to become anti-social and suffer with future relationships. It is the main stream perception that causes most parents to send their children to public schools. They fail to realize that home-schooled students have many opportunities to be social and usually end up having less behavioral problems and more friendships. Parent decide to home-school children for many reasons such as they believe it will make theirRead More A Look at Desegregation as a Part of a Larger Phenomenon in American History832 Words   |  3 Pageshistory a great deal of white Americans practiced seclusion, segregation, and alienation of rights for non Anglo-Saxon peoples. Perhaps none have suffered m ore than the African Americans at the hand of Anglo-Saxon Americans. In his South Carolina Schools and Colleges Desegregation manuscript William E. Rone details the hard fought court cases against educational segregation in South Carolina during the 50s and 60s as well as events which related to those cases. The cases depict a story of intolerance

Psychological Testing Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The executive director of the SAT test declared that the question is about pop culture and it was just a fair question to ask. People may have differing opinions on this matter. However, it sort of emphasizes the point that the scope of the exam is not widely discussed publicly, since topics such as this causes surprise from parents of test-takers (Steinberg, â€Å"For SAT Test-Takers†). Still, the presence or absence of the information is not the main topic of this paper. The issue on how necessary these tests are is the area that needs more attention. First, even though newspapers frequently quote the scores of the tests, and several experts believe that this is the best measurement for an individual’s progress, it is not the absolute standard for success (Ryan and Weinstein, 2009, p. 224). Students have endured more and more tests over time, yet discussion on new educational processes are not happening. The tests only force the institutions to push their students t o earn higher grades, but they do not result in providing solutions to the real problems that causes low marks (Harlen, 2002, p. 141). Second, Indian University Professor of Education Roger Farr states that â€Å"multiple-choice questions do not allow students to apply what they can do. † (Klees, 2008, p. 313) Multiple-choice questions usually entail memorization, but no one can actually say that students understand the STANDARDIZED TESTS 4 logic behind their answers. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Testing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Even open-ended questions do not prove to be accurate in gauging the student’s knowledge (Klees, 2008, p. 317). According to one former scorer of SAT-tests, â€Å"reading a paper every few seconds may sound weird but it is easy to put marks even without fully reading the answers†¦there is a bonus once you go above the quota of marked papers. † (Harlen, 2002, p. 142) Here, it is easy to see that the test results may also be questionable, thus increasing the issues surrounding the tests as the basis of educational progress of an individual. Third, high stakes exams cause controversy due to accountability. Coercion and bribery may happen due to the aim to receive high marks for the institution. Teachers can even receive bonuses for good scores, and students may receive perks for acquiring excellent marks. Threats may range from schools losing accreditation or funding for schools, to students refused of diplomas. This is because of the widely-accepted notion that low grades reflect the quality of education a school provides (Carson-Meyers, Bryant, Thomas, and Brinson, 2005, p. 29-34).

The Millenial Generation and Technology - 1414 Words

The recession has caused every one-in-eight older Millennials to return back home to their parents† (3). It is not because they want to, but because it is their only option. According to Richard Fry, a Senior Research Associate at Pews Research Center, the total number of older Millennials living at home is a record 21 million in 2012. There are several factors that cause them to return back to their parents, such as a declining employment rate and rising college enrollment fees. Fry additionally states that the unemployed Millennials were more inclined to be existing with their guardians, (45%) contrasted with utilized Millennials( 29%) (A Rising Share of Young Adults). Helicopter parents also influence Millennials to be dependant.†¦show more content†¦The Millennial generation has a strong connection to technology. Kathryn Tyler also described Millennials as â€Å"the first generation to use e-mail, instant messaging (IM) and cell phones since childhood and adolesce nce†. This means that it has been available since they were young, and contributed to their lifestyle. Because Millennials had such early exposure to technology, it is easier for them to adapt and learn how to operate it. Alison Gopnik explains that it is easier for them to learn because of the â€Å"cultural ratchet effect† which allows children to learn skills unconsciously and effortlessly. It is beneficial that Millennials can easily handle technology, but it also resulted in a strong dependency on it. Millennials use technology in different forms as a source of communication. Examples of communication through technology are texting, calling, voice mails, social media, and email. According to a graph provided by Pew Research Center, about 80% of Millennials use cell phones or have a social networking profile (25). The use of cellphones and social media give Millennials and easier way to communicate with people and has become a necessity to them. I use my cellphone every day of the week, whether it is to contact people or just use apps. In less than a minute, it allows me to communicate with my girlfriend, friends, and lovedShow MoreRelatedHow Millennials Are Redefining the American Dream Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"We need to teach the next generation of children from day one that they are responsible for their lives. Mankind’s greatest gift, also its greatest curse, is that we have free choice. We can make our choices built from love or from fear.† -Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Nearly 3.7 million American babies born in 1982 were the first members of the new Generation Y, or more affectionately known as millenials (Thompson, par. 1). Many things play into whether a generation is considered to be faring ‘better’Read MoreThe Impact Of Media On The Media913 Words   |  4 Pagespreference to the increasing diversity of race and sexual orientation in each generation has an effect on the values portrayed in media. The value of each new generation effects how the media shapes itself to market to that general public. In order to understand the fluidity of the media, it is important to examine the change in the landscape of media, and how it has adapted to meet each generations needs. Though many generations feel that the developments of social media has caused a sort of â€Å"digitalRead MoreThe Generation Of Our Society1170 Words   |  5 PagesEvery generation thinks the next generation has it easier than they did and worse than they are. The â€Å"Millennials† (Generation Y) are no different. As a member of Generation X, I see the next generation as intelligent, well educated, and for the most part well informed; but I also see them as entitled, lacking focus, and emotionally soft. Like it or not, this generation is here to stay, and everyone will have to adjust and learn to interact with them to be successful. There are numerous causesRead MoreBaby Boomers And Baby Boomers1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors that have influenced and molded each of these two generations such as technology, trends, debt and economy. Who exactly are millennials and baby boomers? What I know emphatically is that they both have strong opinions of one another. The Ba by Boomers were promised the American Dream; they worked hard and are perceived as greedy and ambitious. Baby Boomers are â€Å"Perhaps the most influential generation in history, this â€Å"flower power† generation is known for their pivotal roles in the civil rightsRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Campaign Plan776 Words   |  4 PagesCommunications (IMC) campaign plan to a targeted market: Millennial’s (aka Generation Y), the timeline for campaign: April 2014 – March 2015, with a budget of $15 million for a national campaign. Research objective: One research objective has set the foundation for our company to communicate to Chipotle customers about the sustainable packaging through social media and in store promotions Target Market Analysis Generation Y are also termed Millennial’s Millennial’s to be those with birthdayRead MorePersuasive Speech About Younger Generation840 Words   |  4 PagesYounger Generation Purpose: To give a persuasive speech on whats wrong with the younger generation. Thesis: The younger generation is a product of a highly technological environment. I. Introduction A. Hello Im Phillip Nettles. Today Im here to discuss whats the problem with the young generation todayRead MoreManaging A Multigenerational Workforce : An Organization1589 Words   |  7 Pageshave four generations, each with their own unique perspectives, strengths, and needs, at work in the same office. This presents many new challenges that must be faced; specifically, how to best communicate with your workforce in the most effective manner that reaches all generations, and how to create a cohesive and successful team that embraces the differences in the team members yet draws them together. This paper will be focused on a few key points: an explanation of each generation and whatRead MoreGenerational Differences Of The Workplace Today1034 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Workplace Today Todays workplace consists of Baby Boomers, Generation Xers and Millenials. An individual’s generations is determined by the era the individual was born. Each generation possess certain values and characteristics. At times these differences can cause issues in the work place. I will discuss the concept of Generational Differences in the workplace today. Managing Multiple Generations Managing multiple generations can pose a challenge for employers. Managers have to find a balanceRead MoreInformation Behaviour of Middle School Students Essays1585 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent generation of students who have been â€Å"raised with easy familiarity with video games, email, instant messaging†¦Web 2.0 social networking habits, they have developed patterns of engagement that are different from those of earlier generations.† (Godwin, 2008, p. 52). School librarians must create information literacy programs to include Web 2.0 tools to effectively engage this generation. (Carroll, 2011, p. 27). The Millennium Generation or Digital Natives are the first generation to have grownRead MoreUnderstanding and Managing Generational Differences Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesconsist of the four generations which are Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Millenials Generations Birth Years Corevalue Prefered Communication Style Traditionalists 1925 to 1945 Clear Direction, Loyal and discipline Memos, Letters, Personal notes Baby Boomers 1946 to 1964 Idealist, Optimistic ,Respect to Authority. Phone calls, Face to Face Gen X 1965 to 1980 Self Reliant ,Work Independently, skeptical to authority Voicemail, Email. Millenials 1980 to 1999 Confident

Kindred Free Essays

As the book entails more of African-American history rather than just a pure literature of science fiction since it deals slavery in the nineteenth century Antebellum South which unleashes the issue of slavery, its causes, effects and its evidences on a more modernized method and language to capture the interest of the reader particularly to the young adults whom the book has marketed, readers would see it as a reliable historical reference. Every detail written on it illustrates manifestation of the tragic truth on how white people consider their supremacy over the blacks.   This include horrible dilemma such as beatings, rape, forced labor, murderous acts, and any form of abuses whether physical, psychological or emotional which the protagonist Dana has experienced as a result of her permission to be transported in the past several times in search of a missing piece, though the epiphany was only after the first and second glimpses from the past via time travel on which the revelation involving her antecedent has occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindred or any similar topic only for you Order Now To dare oneself to involve in the not-so-good incidents and allow himself being hurt by anyone or anything could be a brave action if not heroic.   However, Dana here is just a victim of unexplainable intervention which urges her to accept her ethnicity.   Knowing that both the blood of the slave-owner rapist Rufus and the slave Alice runs through her blood, and with marriage with Kevin, another white man like his grandfather Rufus, Dana courageously surpass it in the end. Readers of Kindred might see little of himself in Dana’s terrible experiences and would help him realize the message that everyone is related with one another irregardless of color differences and norms.   Time heals all wounds but never the lesson it imparted and the history out of it, with or without science intervention. R E F E R E N C E Butler, Octavia. Kindred. New York: Doubleday, 1979. How to cite Kindred, Essay examples

Corporate Ability and Social Responsibility MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Ability and Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility is conceptualised as the management functionality that helps in integrating the social and environmental concerns while undertaking the business operational process. According to Nikolaou, Evangelinos and Allan, (2013), CSR is the most effective way of achieving the economic balance, social, and environmental imperatives. The business organisations usually need to address the expectations and demands of the stakeholders. The corporate social responsibility is one of the most significant management strategies that help the organisation to achieve the strengthened position in the competitive ground (Harjoto, Laksmana Lee, 2015). The study will disclose the maintenance of corporate social responsibility by Woolworths, the retail giant in Australia. The study will also explore the theoretical perspectives of the company to determine the effectiveness of the CSR process in strengthening the reputed position of the organisation. The application of the theor etical view in Woolworths strategy will also be presented in this study. Theories or Approaches to the Corporate Social Responsibility The focus on the traditional view of the corporate social responsibility determines that the organisations use such process to make the remarkable profits for the future sustainability. However, the corporate social responsibility is mainly associated with three major approaches or theories, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (as a broader view), The Triple Bottom Line and Stakeholder Theory (Baumann-Pauly et al., 2013). These approaches are discussed further: As the specific term of corporate social responsibility, it can be reflected that this is used as the process used by the corporations to interact with the environment. The maintenance of the CSR process is based on several major obligations and these are as follows: The economic responsibility: Corporations usually pays attention towards the economic responsibilities to make more money. The company usually undertakes the simpler method of achieving the economic parameter (Habel et al., 2016). However, with the help of such process, the companies can avail the capital benefits gathered from the market. The legal responsibility: It is important to maintain the legal and regulatory policies while conducting the business operation in a community or in a country. It is notable that the laws do not create boundaries for the business; rather it provides the numerous opportunities for the business operations. The ethical responsibility: Every organisation needs to consider the ethical standards of the business while undertaking the operational behaviour (Saeidi et al., 2015). The maintenance of the ethical corporate culture is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability. The philanthropic responsibility: The organisation needs to contribute to the societys project in spite of conducting business independently. Several extra initiatives undertaken for the society would be much helpful for the business to promote the brand and strengthening the organisational position (Walsh Bartikowski, 2013). These obligations are essentially needed to be taken into consideration to operate the business successfully. According to Schramm-Klein, Morschett and Swoboda (2015), triple bottom line is another significant approach of maintaining corporate social responsibility. It dictates that the corporate leaders require focusing on the effects of the social realm as well as the economic values. The major focus on this approach is to maintain sustainability in a significant way. It is essential to maintain the balance in terms of economical, social, and environmental. Economical Sustainability: The triple bottom line suggests that financial benefits determine the long-term financial benefits of the firm (Christensen, Mackey Whetten, 2014). It is essential for the large corporations to create the sequential business plan that demands the prolonged and stable action. Social Sustainability: Maintaining the ethical responsibilities towards the community around the business is necessary for surviving in the business scenario. If the society collapses, it will bring the revolution that may turn into the negative aspect to retain the organisational position. Hence, it is essential to keep the products and services that can be served for the societal benefits. Environmental Sustainability: The firms need to provide the attention towards the environmental factors before launching any product or service (Servaes Tamayo, 2013). For example, the excessive amount of carbon footprints may affect the environment. Hence, the firm needs to pay attention towards such issues related to the environmental sustainability. The obtained information from the above analysis specifies the approaches of the triple-bottom-line. The further study will provide the insights regarding another approach associated with the corporate social responsibility. Edward Freeman introduced the stakeholder theory to present a transparent and mirror image of CSR process. The responsibility of CSR is attached with the responsibility of the owners to facilitate the safety parameter for the environment (Korschun, Bhattacharya Swain, 2014). The stakeholder theory determines the role of the various stakeholders who are directly and indirectly associated with the organisational operations. The major stakeholders of the firm are: Owner of the firm Workers of the firm Potential customer of the company Suppliers of the company Community people Competitors The involvement of these stakeholders is essential for conducting the business in a community. The identification of the stakeholders needs and demands drive the organisation towards success (Servaes Tamayo, 2013). Woolworths, the Australian retail giant also divided the stakeholders into two groups, such as the internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders 1) Owner 1) Potential customers 2) Shareholders 2) Suppliers 3) Employees/workers 3) People from the surrounded society 4) Managers 4) Competitors Identification of the organisational stakeholders is necessary to maintain the corporate social responsibility in a significant way (Walsh Bartikowski, 2013). On the other hand, the business operations even depend on the basic needs and demands of the stakeholders. Hence, the stakeholder signifies the important part of the CSR programme of a firm. Woolworths has captured the remarkable position in the retail sector of Australian market. The company offers the high quality retail products and service to the people all over Australia. The company has been operating more than 873 stores in Australian markets (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Woolworths Group has been maintaining the corporate social responsibility in a significant way to ensure the long-term sustainability of the business. The company has determined to achieve a set of corporate social responsibilities that includes the commitments and goals that are going to be implemented by the financial year of 2020. These goals and commitments include a range of stakeholders, such as customers, suppliers, communities, and team members. The business organisations usually need to address the expectations and demands of the stakeholders. The corporate social responsibility is one of the most significant management strategies that help the organisation to achieve the strengthened position in the competitive ground. The company has been focusing on promoting the effective initiatives that can serve well for the community surrounded in the business location. In the further section of the study, the initiatives undertaken by the company to achieve such parameter will be explored. Application of the theory to Woolworths The company aims to strive for gender equity by targeting almost 40% of the senior management and female executive positions. The company has even ensured that the wages will not be discriminated and both the male and female employees will receive the equivalent position in the company. The company is looking forward to embrace the diversity by increasing the amount of the indigenous workers in line with the employee parity of Federal Government. The company is strictly concentrating on working towards the zero waste of food products. Moreover, the company ensures that the carbon emissions from the products of Woolworths will be almost 10% below of the level was in 2015 (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). The business engages the equitably and fairly treating of the suppliers for the future business. The company is even paying attention towards healthy and sustainable products for the potential consumers. Furthermore, the company is looking forward to invest more capital resource for promoting the partnerships and social welfare programmes. The initiatives determine that the company is maintaining the significant approach in maintaining the corporate social responsibility. It is necessary to mention that the company has already captured the leading position in the country among all other retail organisations. However, in order to maintain such reputed position, it is necessary to keep the focus on the continuous improvements and identification of the stakeholders demands. Conclusion The study reveals the in-depth ideas about the approaches and necessity of corporate social responsibility. It has been observed that the organisations have been securing the competitive position by undertaking the remarkable initiatives related to the corporate social responsibility. Failure to this approach may lead towards the negative influence on the business. In a specific way, corporate social responsibility is mainly associated with three major approaches or theories, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (as a broader view), The Triple Bottom Line and Stakeholder Theory. Woolworths have been paying the closer attention towards these purposes and has introduced the fruitful initiatives to achieve the long-term sustainability in a significant way. References Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L. 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